multistix 10 sg reagent strips for urinalysis chart

No stain is routinely needed, nor is phase contrast ordinarily required. A drop of this is placed on a slide, covered with a coverslip, and examined microscopically. After centrifugation, the supernatant is discarded the sediment is resuspended in the few drops that remain. Others have favored 2000 rpm for 5 minutes. I have found 3000 rpm for 3 minutes to be convenient. There is no 'gold standard' for how fast or how long one should centrifuge urine. If the urine is alkaline, 1 ml of dilute acetic acid will help dissolve phosphates that may obscure formed elements. Refrigeration may cause precipitation of orange red crystals of uric acid, which can be redissolved by rewarming the urine.Īpproximately 10 ml of well-mixed urine is taken for microscopic examination. On standing, particulate matter sediments out, bacteria proliferate and alter pH, casts may dissolve, and crystals may be lost. The sample should be examined while fresh-indeed, while still warm-to give best results. The utility of cotton balls, soaps, and scrubs to cleanse the meatal area is dubious, as the initial 40 to 50 ml of urine flow that is discarded is generally adequate to flush away meatal debris. During menstrual flow, a tampon helps keep menstrual fluid from mixing with voided urine. In females, care must be taken to separate the labia, and the urine is collected similarly.

Ordinarily, a suitable sample may be obtained from a male simply by asking that the foreskin, if present, be pulled back, that the initial part of the stream be allowed to pass into the toilet, that the next ounce or two be collected, and that the last part of the stream be discarded with the first. In rare circumstances, it may be necessary to have the sample passed under observation to assure its source and freedom from exogenously introduced materials.

Interestingly, if the temperature of fresh urine is checked, it may help to diagnose factitious oral or rectal fevers.Ī sample should be obtained that is free of skin epithelium or bacteria, glandular secretions, skin salves, hair, lint, talcum, or other debris. Such illicit treatment of the sample is not frequent, but may be used in an attempt to justify disability, military discharge, or need for hospitalization. For example, one should not be surprised if the urine analyzed did not come from the patient named, or that the protein and red cells were added to the urine after it reached the collection bottle. Nevertheless, various circumstances may alter the information obtained. The rationale and technique of urinalysis are straightforward.

Multistix 10 sg reagent strips for urinalysis chart